Nile Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Correlation and Path Analysis among Some Agro-Morphological Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes under High and Low Temperatures of Sudan

Fatih E. A. Hamza, Tahani Y. Elagib, Amani H. Eltayeb, Atif . E. Idris — Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of temperature on seed yield and agro-morphological traits as well as correlation and path analysis in 48 chickpea genotypes grown under normal and late sowing conditions in two locations (Merowe and Gezira) during 2018/ 19. The forty eight genotypes comprised released varieties as checks and lines from ICARDA. The study was carried out in alpha lattice design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that differences among genotypes, sowing dates, locations and their first order interaction were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for the most studied traits. Under both environments, the correlation studies revealed that seed yield was positively and highly significantly correlated with 100 – seed weight, biomass, harvest index and seed yield per plant. The path analysis confirmed that the biomass followed by harvest index, seed yield per plant, 100 - seed weight, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant had the maximum positive direct influence on seed yield under heat stress and non- heat stress conditions. It was concluded that biomass, harvest index, 100 – seed weight and seed yield per plant can be good selection criteria for improving seed yield in chickpea under heat stress and non - heat stress conditions in Gezira and Northern states of Sudan.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization, Datura and Jatropha Aqueous Extracts on Striga hermonthica Incidence on Wheat (Triticum eastivum L.)

Mukhtar Abdel Aziz Mohamed Osman — Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Pots experiment was conducted during the two consecutive winter seasons 2019/20 and 2020/21 at the demonstration farm, Collage of Agricultural studies (CAS), Shambat, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum Bahri, Khartoum state, Sudan (Latitude15° 40` N and Longitude 32° 23` E,) to evaluate the efficacy of nitrogen fertilization and two botanical water extracts (Datura and Jatropha) and Nitrogen, each one alone on Striga hermonthica incidence and growth and yield of wheat. All treatments significantly reduced number of Striga emergence, Striga shoot fresh and dry weights (g). Striga infestation significantly reduced wheat grain yield by 63.14%. Nitrogen in the form of urea at 80 lb/fed., significantly increased wheat grain yield (kg/fed.,) by 196.15 %. Among all treatments Nitrogen at 80 lb/fed., was the best treatment which achieved highest wheat grain yield (kg/fed,) and gave comparable grain yield (kg/fed,) to that obtained by Striga free control.

Genotype, Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Estimates of Some Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Traits in Sudan

Mohammed H. Mohammed, Ali E. Hassan — Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research work was carried out during two seasons of 2016 and 2017 at four locations. Two of them are under irrigation and two under rain-fed conditions. The irrigated sites were Wad Medani and Suki, while the rain-fed sites were Gedarf and Damazin. The experiments at the four locations were testing7 sorghum genotypes against three checks (Tabat, Wad-Ahmed and HD-2) for their grain yield, yield stability and some important agronomic characters. The design at each site and season was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Sowing was in the first week of July under irrigation and in the first to the third week of July under rainfed conditions depending on the rainfall. All other recommended cultural practices suitable to irrigation and rain fed conditions were adopted as recommended. Combined analysis showed that there were significant differences among tested genotypes. The results of AMMI analysis of variance showed that, the mean squares of genotypes, environments and genotypes environments interaction were highly significant (p<0.01) for grain yield. Genotype W638 recorded the highest grain yield (3.6 t/ha) followed by genotype Mena (3.2 t/ha) while the three checks HD-2, Tabat and W.Ahmed showed a mean grain yield of 2.9, 2.8, and 3.1 t/ha respectively. From these results, it was found that, the genotypes W638 and Mena out yielded all the checks and had a mean grain yield greater than the general mean of the irrigated environments (2.9 t/ha),while Maroa scored a grain yield comparable to Wad Ahmed (2.0 t/ha), but greater than Tabat (1.7 t/ha) and HD-2 (1.3 t/ha) and above the general mean of the rain fed environments (1.7 t/ha) .These results indicated that, genotypes W638 and Mena were stable and adaptable under irrigated conditions, while genotype Maroa was considered as stable and adaptable under rain fed conditions.

Organic Farming for Producing Tomato (Solanumlycopersicum L.) in clay Soils of Gezira, Sudan

Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Fields experiments were carried out for two consecutive seasons (2014/15 and 2015/16) at Gezira Research Station Farm. The main objective was to evaluate the effects of farm yard manure (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha), repellent plant (coriander) and Thiovit Jet 80% Wettable (0 and 8.8 gram per liter) as an elemental sulfur for controlling the powdery mildew on organic tomato production. The treatments were arranged in split split and split plot design replicated three times in the first and second season, respectively. The results showed that the repellent plant numerically increased the marketable yield of tomato in the first season by 87% and significantly by 46% in the second season. Tomato grown with repellent plant recorded the high marketable yield in the two seasons. The addition of 5 ton/ha of farm yard manure recorded the high marketable yield (3359 kg/ha) in the first season while application of 10 tons FYM gave the high yield (7466 kg/ha) in the second season. However, the addition of sulfur resulted in insignificant effect on all the studied traits of tomato and this may be attributed to its late application which was at fruit setting stage. The repellent plant significantly increased the number of branches per plant in the first season and only numerical increase in the second season, whereas both doses of FYM only recorded a slight increase in the plant height in the second season. The interaction between the three studied factors on all tomato traits was not significant except for the number of branches and the percent of the total soluble solids in the first season. Also a significant interaction was obtained between farm yard manure and sulfur which was reflected in plant height and sun scald where that between repellent plant and farm yard manure was shown in the percent of total soluble solids.

The Effects of Shelterbelts on some Climatic factors in Mechanized Rain-fed Agricultural Schemes in Ghadambaliya Area, Gedarif State-Sudan.

Moatesum Babiker Mohammed, Yasir Yousif Abdalla, Nazar Nasr eldeen Babiker — Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study was conducted in Gedarif state, Ghdambeliya area during the period (February-March) 2022, to assess the effect of shelterbelts on soil moisture, soil temperature and evaporation, where three shelterbelts were chosen. Average heights of shelterbelts were measured to determine the distance between the belt and the sites from which soil samples were taken; distances were, 5xheight, 10xheight, 15xheight, 20xheight, 25xheight and 30xheight behind the belt, distances in front of the belt were, 2.5xheight, 5xheight and 10xheight; and one soil sample was taken from inside the belt to describe the soil between trees, and one soil sample was taken from unprotected area. The temperature was measured with a thermometer at a depth of 5 and 10 cm, also the evaporation measured by beach tube inside the belt and unprotected area. The data was subjected to analysis of variance and mean separation method using the software statstix-10 and SPSS.The results showed that the soil temperatures inside the shelterbelts were significantly lower compared to the soil temperatures in the unprotected area, also the results indicated that the soil moisture inside the shelterbelts were higher compared to the soil temperatures in the unprotected area. The result showed that the evaporation rate inside the belt was significantly reduced compared to the unprotected area.

Wheat Economics and Future Policy Options in Sudan

Elgilany A. Ahmed, Hamid H. M. Faki, Adil Ahmed — Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In Sudan, wheat is considered as one of the main strategic crops beside sorghum and millet. It contributes to rural and urban livelihoods and food security. The gap between the production and consumption of wheat is still large and exceeds 100% of the total production, which leads to the burden of the high import bill. This research deals with some important macro and micro economic aspects that aim to support opportunities for expansion of wheat production in Sudan within the framework of its competition in the cropping structure. While the analysis of its content benefited from the available secondary data and information in relation to the subject, it was largely based on a field survey conducted in the year 2021 targeting the main three States of wheat production in the country namely, Gezira, Northern and River Nile States. The sample size and data collection are fully representing the different agricultural systems was determined by using the multi-stage stratified sample technique. The survey consists of a questionnaire directed to samples of wheat growers in the selected areas. The study also looks to draw the relevant policy options for increasing wheat production, trade and development. Moreover, it applies scientific research methods to achieve its aims. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to analyze the effects of government policies, competitiveness and comparative advantage on the wheat production. Descriptive statistics also used to illustrate the potential and feasibility of the crop. Finally, the study concluded that wheat import bill constitutes a huge burden, which requires providing support for wheat expansion by raising wheat productivity to the highest levels through advance technologies utilization, providing wheat subsidies for storage to benefit from the high prices after harvest, which raises the profitability of wheat to compete with the profitability of other crops and supporting prices of inputs at wheat production areas.

Effect of Goal 24% EC and Stomp 500 EC on Weed Control, Growth, Yield of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) in Northern State, Sudan

Thu, 15 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This research was conducted during two consecutive winter seasons of the years2018/19 and 2019/20 at the Demonstration Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences- El Selaim – ShergElneel Unit - Dongola Locality - Northern State, located within Latitude 16° and 22° N, and Longitude 20°and 32° E to evaluate and compare the effect of two herbicides Goal (oxyflourofen) 24% E. C. at 1.7, 2.4 and 2.5 kg. a.i/fed., and Stomp (pendimethalin) 500 E. C., at 1.7, 2.5 and 3.4 kg.a.i/fed., applied pre-emergenceon weed and yield of Fenugreek to determine the most suitable weed control treatment to achieve high yield. Results showed that, broad-leaves weeds were predominant in the experimental site. Goal herbicide was the best for controlling narrow leaved weeds while Stomp herbicide was the best for controlling broad-leaved weeds. Goal at 2.4 and 2.5 and Stomp at 2.5 and 3.5 kg a. i./fed significantly reduced weed biomass (g/m²). The high rate of Goal herbicide (2.5 kg a. i./fed) achieved least weed biomass (g) and was followed by the high rate of Stomp (3.5 kg a.i./fed). The high rate for each herbicide Goal (2.5 kg a.i./fed), Stomp (3.5 kg a.i./fed) and continuous hand weeding full season significantly increased growth parameters, number of pods/plant and the yield (kg/fed.). Combined analysis of both winter seasons indicated that, weed competition for fenugreek crop significantly reduced seed yield (kg/fed.) by 33.33%. The research reported that, the high rate for each herbicides Goal (2.5kg/fed.) and Stomp (3.4 kg/fed.) were the best.